Most cancers are not inherited, but about 5–10% are linked to genes passed down in families. Knowing your family history is a powerful tool for prevention.
Cancer is caused by genetic changes (mutations) in cells. Most of the time, these mutations happen during a person's lifetime due to aging or environment factors like smoking. These are called acquired mutations and they are not passed to children.
However, sometimes a genetic mutation that increases the risk of cancer is inherited from a parent. This is called a germline mutation. If you inherit this mutation, you have a much higher risk of developing certain types of cancer than the average person.
This does not mean you are guaranteed to get cancer, but it means you need to be proactive with earlier or more frequent screening.
Look out for these "Red Flags" in your family tree.
Cancer diagnosed before age 50.
Several close blood relatives with the same or related cancers.
One family member diagnosed with more than one primary cancer.
Unusual cases like breast cancer in males.
Cancer in multiple generations (grandmother → mother → daughter).
Genetic testing involves a simple blood or saliva test. It can identify specific inherited mutations. However, it is not for everyone. Speak to a genetic counselor if you have any red flags.
At PGIMER Medical Oncology, we maintain a Genetics & Cancer Registry to serve families with hereditary risks.
When you know, you can act. Explore screening guidelines that are right for you.